Important Mycosis of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology-A Review: PART 2.

Abstract

Simple SummaryThe conservation of wildlife species is a major goal globally, due to the declining number of total populations. Fungal diseases are frequently diagnosed in veterinary practice, so knowing their characteristics, along with knowing the appropriate laboratory methods to make a correct diagnosis, are extremely important for the veterinarian. This article is the continuation of an extensive review that presents the main fungal diseases of wild animals. In this part, the second, four of these mycoses are discussed (dermatophytosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and sporotrichosis).Wild animals are an important component of the ecosystem, and play a major role in it. However, in recent years, there has been an astronomical increase in the incidence of wildlife mycotic diseases leading to wildlife extermination. It is important to note that most of these mycotic diseases are zoonotic, and since there is a lot of attention given to zoonosis of a bacterial or viral origin in recent times, it is important to look into the mycotic diseases which may have zoonotic potential. Previously, the authors expatiated on some major wildlife mycotic diseases. In this review, we shed light on the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, macroscopic and microscopic pathology, and hematological and serum biochemical findings of dermatophytosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and sporotrichosis, which are very important mycoses of wildlife.