Abstract
Nitrogen oxides are considered significant pollutants because of their effects on ecosystems and human health. The amount of NOx emitted by internal combustion engines can be reduced, mostly by acting on the conditions in which combustion takes place, respectively by lowering the peak flame temperature, reducing the excess of oxygen, etc. The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine represents a new technology that can simultaneously reduce NOx emissions and fuel consumption. This article presents these benefits of the HCCI engine by comparing the emissions and fuel consumption of a monocylinder engine when it is operated in a conventional way, with spark ignition, with those obtained when the engine is running in the HCCI mode. Moreover, since engine simulation has become an important tool for investigating the HCCI process and for developing new control strategies for it, this was used in this study to determine the effects of the exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion quality, respectively, on emissions.
Highlights
Air pollution is considered the world’s largest environmental health threat, accounting for 7 million deaths around the world every year [1]
This study aims to reduce the fuel consumption and the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of an engine operating in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode compared to the conventional spark ignition operation
In the HCCI engine, the fuel consumption and exhaust emissions can be reduced compared to conventional engines, because of the fact that many activities developed by human activities such as industry, producing energy [30,31,32]
Summary
Air pollution is considered the world’s largest environmental health threat, accounting for 7 million deaths around the world every year [1]. Outdoor air pollution and particulate matter, one of its major components, have been classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization). The main substances affecting health are nitrogen oxides (NOx ), Sulphur oxides (SOx ), ozone, and particulate matter with the latter—especially particulate matter below 2.5 microns (PM2.5 )—being of greatest concern, as these tiny particles penetrate deep into the lungs, affecting both the respiratory and vascular systems. Both extent and duration of the exposure influence health outcomes
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