Abstract
Two case studies are presented to highlight the value of understanding variable and transient energy demand of a plant as a precursor to developing Process Integration (PI) and energy cost reduction solutions. A dairy factory example illustrates how heat recovery combined with thennal storage is vital for smoothing out variable energy demand of dissimilar processes coming offline for regular cleaning. A batch pulp mill example illustrates how large steam swings occur even with evenly scheduled batch cycles and that process modifications through dynamic analysis and modelling can lead to reduced peak steam swings and reduced supplementary gas boiler costs.
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