Importance of Tumor Location in Patients With High Preoperative Prostate Specific Antigen Levels (Greater Than 20 ng/ml) Treated With Radical Prostatectomy

Abstract

We investigated the effect of tumor location (anterior vs posterior) on pathological characteristics and biochemical-free survival in patients with a preoperative prostate specific antigen level of greater than 20 ng/ml undergoing radical prostatectomy since transition zone tumors are known to present with higher prostate specific antigen levels. We retrospectively studied the records of 265 patients treated with radical prostatectomy between 1984 and 2005 who had preoperative prostate specific antigen levels greater than 20 ng/ml. Review of pathology reports was performed and tumor location (anterior vs posterior) was defined. Differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prostate specific antigen recurrence rates were examined. Of 265 patients with a preoperative prostate specific antigen level of greater than 20 ng/ml who underwent radical prostatectomy 50 (19%) had anterior tumors and 215 (81%) had posterior tumors. Patients with anterior tumors had lower clinical stage and less seminal vesicle involvement than patients with posterior tumors (p = 0.006 and <0.001, respectively). Although Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated significantly higher rates of 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival for patients with anterior vs posterior tumors (63% vs 40%, p = 0.020), anterior tumor location was not an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence. Radical prostatectomy is a feasible treatment option in patients with a preoperative prostate specific antigen level of greater than 20 ng/ml. The 5-year biochemical-free survival rate was 47%. Although anterior tumor location was associated with favorable pathological features and improved biochemical-free survival, it was not an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence. Further studies are warranted to identify patients with high preoperative prostate specific antigen levels most likely to have recurrence.