Abstract
Gradually increasing levels of gill Na +K + ATPase activity were observed in juvenile chinook, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and coho, Oncorhynchus kisutch, salmon and steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, undergoing parr-smolt transformation in artificial rearing facilities on the Columbia River. Portions of the same populations released to migrate seaward, however, generally showed much greater increases in enzyme activity with time and distance from the release point. After migrating 714 km to the Columbia River estuary, spring chinook salmon had a mean gill Na +K + ATPase activity 2.5 times greater than fish retained at the hatchery and 1.9 times greater than fish adapted to 28 ppt seawater for 208 days. Similar observations were made on coho salmon.
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