Importance of Nanoparticulate systems in emerging Biomedical research - An update

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the branch of science and engineering accomplished by design, synthesis, characterisation, and application of materials or devices in the nanometer scale. It permits identification, development and establishes the use of material frameworks, devices and technologies withs unique properties and functions from their structures at the Subatomic, atomic, molecular as well as supermolecular levels. In recent decades, nanotechnology has attracted unparalleled attention in broad areas of research. It has been used in various fields like Engineering and Technology, Material Science, Agriculture, Medicine, Pharmacy, Biotechnology and other areas of Life science. Nanoparticles have been playing a promising role in the advancement of diagnosis and therapeutics of many health issues. They are providing the way for new approaches of drug delivery to target specific sites and achieve enhanced bioavailability. In this review, we provide an overview of the use of Metallic nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles, Charge reverse nanoparticulate systems, Carbon nanotubes, Magnetic, Controlled release nanoparticles, Herbal nanoparticles etc., in Various biomedical fields like Drug delivery, Gene therapy, Tissue regeneration, Implants, Diagnosis, Imaging and treatment of various diseases. Even though numerous nanoparticulate systems were developed, only a few of them are transformed into practical use in clinical environments. Hence, focus on the development and commercialisation of nanoparticulate system is entailed.