Abstract
The influence of liquefaction resistance and fabric anisotropy simulation capability in constitutive models on site level seismic response analysis is analyzed through a series of numerical dynamic simulations of a sloping liquefiable ground model. A constitutive model that incorporates enhanced liquefaction resistance and fabric anisotropy simulation capabilities into the original unified plasticity model for large post-liquefaction deformation of sand (CycLiq) model is proposed. With a single set of parameters, the modified model is able to successfully simulate undrained cyclic tests on the same sand under different void ratios, cyclic stress ratios, and both symmetrical and asymmetrical loading. Using the model to simulate the seismic response of sloping liquefiable ground, it is shown that liquefaction resistance and fabric anisotropy depiction at the element level have a pronounced influence on site level seismic response. The modified and original models can yield distinctly different displacement, pore pressure, and acceleration results under certain peak ground acceleration values, due to different liquefaction resistance formulations. The incorporation of fabric anisotropy can also significantly affect the response of the sloping ground, with the initial fabric state being an important factor of influence. Under seismic loading, fabric anisotropy within the slope can evolve as the soil deforms.
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