Importance of Cytochrome P450 gene family from metabolite biosynthesis to stress tolerance: A review

Abstract

CYP450 short for Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme superfamily involved in catalysing numerous biochemical reactions. It is known for its involvement in diverse plant processes. CYP450 is widely distributed in the case of eukaryotes and is said to exist in all domains of living organisms including bacteria, plants as well as mammals. The enzyme of this family plays a key role in the oxidative transformation of both endogenous as well as exogenous molecules. The growth and development of the plants are affected by several biotic and abiotic stresses regularly. They downgrade the crop quality and lead to a sharp decline in the productivity of the crop. CYP plays important role in providing protection to plants against these stresses. It does that by taking an active part in various detoxification as well as biosynthetic pathways. The objective of this review is to explore the role of CYP 450 in various metabolite biosynthesis as well as tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. This review aims to provide a framework for further investigation of the CYP450 gene family in plants and will also provide a strong base for the characterization of their diverse role in defence mechanisms against different abiotic and biotic stress and metabolite biosynthesis.