Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Recent evidence has emerged that beta cell dysfunction is a common pathogenetic feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and T2DM never develops without beta cell dysfunction. Therefore, treatment of T2DM should aim to restore beta cell function. Although the treatment of T2DM has greatly improved over the past few decades, remaining issues in the current treatment of T2DM include (1) hypoglycemia; (2) body weight gain; (3) peripheral hyperinsulinemia and (4) postprandial hyperglycemia, which are all associated with inappropriate insulin supplementation, again underpinning the important role of endogenous and physiological insulin secretion in the management of T2DM. This review summarizes the current knowledge on beta cell function in T2DM and discusses the treatment strategy for T2DM in relation to beta cell dysfunction.
Highlights
The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide
This review summarizes the current knowledge on beta cell dysfunction in T2DM and discusses the treatment strategy for T2DM in relation to beta cell function
If reduced functional beta cell mass is a common pathophysiological feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, what is the clinical relevance of beta cell dysfunction in T2DM? Since beta cell function is already reduced in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), preceding the onset of T2DM, beta cell dysfunction has an important role in the deterioration of glucose tolerance [4]
Summary
The incidence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Federation (IDF), there were estimated to be 382 million patients with diabetes in 2013, which is expected to increase to 592 million by 2035 [1]. Diabetes caused 5.1 million deaths, and health spending on diabetes accounted for 10.8% of total health expenditure worldwide in 2013 [1]. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) comprises 90%–95%; currently no effective strategy to prevent or cure T2DM is available. Recent evidence has emerged that beta cell dysfunction is a core pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes and T2DM develops only when beta cell function is impaired [3]. This review summarizes the current knowledge on beta cell dysfunction in T2DM and discusses the treatment strategy for T2DM in relation to beta cell function
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