Importance of 3D CT imaging of the skull in diagnosis of maxillofacial anomalies

Abstract

Knowledge of radiological diagnostic capabilities and application of the principles designed to minimize exposure to radiation nowadays are the basics of qualified dentistry. At the present stage, radiographic methods occupy a leading place in the complex of patient examination to diagnose dental diseases. The aim of the work is to optimize the diagnosis of maxillofacial anomalies by a comprehensive examination of anatomical structures and parameters of the skull using 3D computed tomography. Materials and methods. In total, 39 patients aged 10 to 23 years with maxillofacial anomalies were examined. The study used clinical and radiographic methods of examination. Radiography included only orthopantomogram and lateral teleradiography in 28 patients, 3D CT scanning of the skull was performed in 11 patients. Results. The conducted study has revealed that 3D CT imaging of the skull can be used for the most complete diagnosis of maxillofacial anomalies, reveal sensitive differential diagnostic signs of pathological conditions as well as allow the principle of continuity between specialists to be adhered to at the stage of planning individual complex treatment for patients with maxillofacial anomalies. Conclusions. 3D CT scanning of the skull is an integrated imaging technique that allows obtaining a complete image of the jaws, teeth, temporal-mandible joints, sinuses in one single examination, assessing the respiratory tract and chewing apparatus state as a whole, as well as carrying out cephalometric measurements of lateral and frontal teleradiography. This method is the most informative as it provides the possibility to precisely diagnose dental anomalies and choose an optimal treatment plan.