Abstract
In many estuaries the observed import of fine marine sediment can be explained by the presence of a gravitational circulation, which is driven by the longitudinal density gradient caused by fresh water inflow. Examples are the Thames, the Gironde, Columbia river and Savannah river. With this transport mechanism a turbidity maximum is present near the upstream boundary of the gravitational circulation. Even in vertically well mixed estuaries, where the contribution of gravitational circulation to the residual salt transport is of minor importance, the influence on the residual sediment transport may be considerable.
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