Abstract
We usually perceive things in our surroundings as unchanged despite viewpoint changes caused by self-motion. The visual system therefore must have a function to process objects independently of viewpoint. In this study, we examined whether viewpoint-independent spatial layout can be obtained implicitly. For this purpose, we used a contextual cueing effect, a learning effect of spatial layout in visual search displays known to be an implicit effect. We investigated the transfer of the contextual cueing effect to images from a different viewpoint by using visual search displays of 3D objects. For images from a different viewpoint, the contextual cueing effect was maintained with self-motion but disappeared when the display changed without self-motion. This indicates that there is an implicit learning effect in environment-centered coordinates and suggests that the spatial representation of object layouts can be obtained and updated implicitly. We also showed that binocular disparity plays an important role in the layout representations.
Highlights
Self-motion changes the viewpoint for seeing objects in our surroundings
This indicates that disparity information contributes to build 3D layout representations that can be used with self-motion
The present study revealed that spatial layouts are represented and updated implicitly and automatically in the visual system, showing the transfer of the contextual cueing effect across different viewpoints
Summary
Self-motion changes the viewpoint for seeing objects in our surroundings. Despite the occurrence of a viewpoint change, we perceive the objects and the scene around us as unchanged. Whether the visual system has environmental-centered representations can be examined by investigating whether perception depends on viewpoint. Viewpoint-independent perception would indicate that the visual system has representations that can be dealt in environmentcentered coordinates at least functionally. There have been several studies on the viewpoint dependence/independence of processes for object recognition. Some researchers have shown that object perception is dependent on viewpoint (Ullman, 1989; Bulthoff et al, 1995; Diwadkar and McNamara, 1997; Hayward and Williams, 2000), whereas others have shown that object perception is independent of it (Biederman, 1987; Hummel and Biederman, 1992). The question is still open, there could be different processes with differences in viewpoint dependence (Burgund and Marsolek, 2000)
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