Implications of Global Climate Changes on Horticultural Cropping Practices and Production in Developing Countries

Abstract

Global climate change from the increase in “greenhouse gases” is becoming a major scientific and political issue to international agriculture. There are various uncertainties and controversies surrounding the so-called “greenhouse effect” and the projected effect of global warming on agriculture in the United States and developing countries. This problem should not be neglected by horticulturists, and climate research should become a higher priority for horticultural scientists than it has been in the past. Recent reports and assessments suggest a significant climate change is very likely if emissions of “greenhouse gases” continue at currently projected rates. The atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased significantly and, based on the increased burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, will double to more than 600 ppm by the year 2050. The atmospheric concentration of other “greenhouse gases” such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxides (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is increasing at an even more-rapid rate and is predicted to alter agricultural productivity. Methane is produced in water-logged soils in rice fields and also in fossil fuel burning. Nitrous oxide, also produced by fossil fuel burning, is increased by denitrification, nitrification, and chemical N fertilizer uses. Global CFC concentrations have risen due to increased use of refrigerants and aerosol spray propellants. These major greenhouse gases also absorb in-