Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of common mineral dyes in effluents from dyeing processes on the quality of groundwater at Itoku and Asero, Abeokuta in Nigeria. Methods: Thirty-two (32) samples were examined by determining the In-situ parameters: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (Ec) and pH with the aid of a multi-parameter portable meter(model Testr-35); Chemical parameters were determined with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)and Titration methods for both cations and anions. Collected samples were analyzed for heterotrophic bacteria load using standard method. Findings: Elevated Ec-1830 µS/cm and TDS-1020mg/l values at Odutola-8 exceeded the WHO permissible limit with bicarbonate, carbonate and chlorides presence, in the water sample. DO at Ifote-6.0, Asero-6.8, Ifote-7.1, Asero carwash-7.9 was greater than WHO standard, specifying water that can support aquatic life and micro-organisms. However, other areas had low dissolved oxygen below the specified permissible limit. The results of the physicochemical parameters including; Chloride and Carbonate levels in effluent and groundwater in most of the studied sites were higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. Dye effluents and well water samples displayed high microbial loads. Predominant bacteria isolated from the effluent and groundwater included Aspergillus spp. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) observed indicated probable human carcinogens found where dye fabrication processes were high and effective. Novelty: Dye effluents have high bacterial and fungal loads. Similarity in the predominant bacteria isolated from effluent and groundwater from the hand-dug wells indicated that the effluent from the dyeing processes is negatively impacting the groundwater and this may pose a risk to public health. High levels of Carbonates, bicarbonates and chlorides in groundwater indicate contamination; making the water unfit for human and animal consumption. Keywords: Minerals; dyes; contamination; groundwater; carbonates; chlorides
Highlights
Nigeria is very popular for tie and dye activities as well as numerous other international markets all over the world
The Electrical Conductivity (EC) values range from 350-1830 μS/cm with peak values in Ifote-3 and Odutola-8 exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit and could be as a result of dyes and other contamination carrying electrolytes in dissolved constituents
The high concentrations of chloride (Cl–) and carbonates in the groundwater were due to the excessive addition of NaCl and caustic soda coupled with dyes laden with chloride (Cl–) anionic part in the tie and dye processes
Summary
Nigeria is very popular for tie and dye activities as well as numerous other international markets all over the world. Dyes from plants have been extracted from tree leaves, barks, roots, flowers and young shoots [1]: but dyes from rock minerals such as: copper carbonate hydroxide mineral-Malachite-(Cu2CO3(OH), Ochre-FeO(OH)·nH2O, ManganeseMnO3, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, Mn2O7 and Cinnabar-HgS have been used for these purpose as an age long practice. Some of these dyes are mineral salts inform of carbonates, chlorides sulphates, oxides, hydroxides and others [2]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
