Abstract
Future neutron-antineutron (n-n[over ¯]) oscillation experiments, such as at the European Spallation Source and the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, aim to find first evidence of baryon number violation. We investigate implications of an improved n-n[over ¯] oscillation search for baryogenesis via interactions of n-n[over ¯] mediators, parametrized by an effective field theory (EFT). We find that even in a minimal EFT setup there is overlap between the parameter space probed by n-n[over ¯] oscillation and the region that can realize the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. The mass scales of exotic new particles are in the tera-electron-volt-peta-electron-volt regime, inaccessible at the LHC or its envisioned upgrades. Given the innumerable high energy theories that can match, or resemble, the minimal EFT that we discuss, future n-n[over ¯] oscillation experiments could probe many viable theories of baryogenesis beyond the reach of other experiments.
Highlights
Introduction.—The search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) requires effort at both high energy and intensity frontiers
A powerful probe is offered by rare processes that violate symmetries of the SM, such as baryon and lepton numbers (B and L), which can be inaccessible to high energy colliders but within reach of low-energy experiments
A well-known example is proton decay, whose nonobservation leads to strong constraints on ΔB 1⁄4 ΔL 1⁄4 Æ1 new physics even at the scale of grand unified theories (GUTs), ∼1016 GeV [1,2]
Summary
Introduction.—The search for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) requires effort at both high energy and intensity frontiers. A minimal EFT for n-noscillation and baryogenesis.— One of the simplest possibilities for generating the operator in Eq (1) at tree level is with a Majorana fermion X of mass M that couples to the SM via a dimension-6 operator of the form ð1=Λ2ÞXudd, which originates at an even higher scale Λ ≫ M via some UV completion that we remain agnostic about.
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