Implications for coastal managers of hard mineral development in the U.S. exclusive Economic Zone

Abstract

Abstract Marine hard minerals have been termed “the new ocean frontier.”; Minimal market potential and industry interest in these minerals have placed a significant constraint on their future development. With the exception of sand and gravel and some placer deposits, the development of marine hard minerals is not likely to occur until the next century. Despite these uncertain prospects, the federal government has placed a priority goal on the development of the mineral resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and the Minerals Management Service has proposed lease sales in areas surrounding the Hawaiian and Johnston Islands. Coastal managers should be aware that the potential development of hard mineral mining may result in both negative and positive impacts to the coastal zone. Some of these impacts have been discussed in the draft Environmental Impact Statement prepared for these proposed lease sales. A clear regulatory framework for the exploration and development of these minerals is not yet in...