Abstract
Synthetic biology is an emerging field where biology, computer, chemistry and engineering are reciprocally revisited to manipulate, design, construct and develop new biological entities with novel functionalities. Synthetic biology has been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural and energy industries. It is used to design and build complex circuits inspired by electrical engineering for fast and effective solutions of biomedical challenges including antibiotic resistance, viral infections and cancer. Synthetic biology enables us to modify and reconstruct various cells and their components and even whole organisms precisely. Synthetic biology plays significant roles in biotherapeutic engineering for the development of diagnostics, drug designing, enzymes, tailoring tissues and synthetic organs. In addition, it has been widely used in the design and development of medical therapeutics including drugs, diagnostic devices and biocompatible materials to improve the living standards of individuals. Synthetic biology provides an enthusiastic platform to develop biotherapeutic engineering via providing precise molecular biology tools that allow us to manipulate living cells for beneficial use. In this chapter, we cover a detailed overview of recent advancements in molecular tools and approaches to engineer microbial biotherapeutics using synthetic biology especially in human therapeutics and biomedical engineering.
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