Abstract
Out of seven Fusarium spp. isolated from infected faba bean roots, two Fusarium oxysporum were selected and showed faba bean-wilt disease severity with percentages of 68% and 47% under greenhouse conditions. The F. oxysporum showed the highest wilt disease was selected to complete the current study. Three rhizobacterial strains were isolated and identified as Bacillus velezensis Vb1, B. paramycoides Vb3, and B. paramycoides Vb6. These strains showed the highest in-vitro antagonistic activity by the dual-culture method against selected F. oxysporum with inhibition percentages of 59±0.2, 46±0.3, and 52±0.3% for Vb1, Vb3, and Vb6, respectively. These rhizobacterial strains exhibit varied activity for nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing. Moreover, these strains showed positive results for ammonia, HCN, and siderophores production. The phytohormones production (indole-3-acetic acid, ABA, benzyl, kinten, ziaten, and GA3) and secretion of various lytic enzymes were recorded by these strains with varying degrees. Under greenhouse conditions, the rhizobacterial strains Vb1, Vb3, Vb6, and their consortium can protect faba bean from wilt caused by F. oxysporum with percentages of 70, 60, 65, and 82%, respectively. Under field conditions, the inoculation with the rhizobacterial consortium (Vb1+Vb3+Vb6) significantly increases the growth performance of the F. oxysporum-infected faba bean plant and recorded the highest wilt protection (83.3%).
Highlights
Increased human populations combined with restricted agricultural land availability have a significant impact on food security
This study focuses on the application of soil bacteria as a biocontrol agent against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. in Vicia faba L
Seven Fusarium spp. were isolated from the infected roots of the Vicia faba L. plant collected from Sinai governorate, Egypt
Summary
Increased human populations combined with restricted agricultural land availability have a significant impact on food security. Chemical fertilizers can aid plant growth, but do not play a role in improving soil properties [3]. They are responsible for degrading the soil by lowering its water holding capacity, rising salinity, and creating nutritional disparities [4]. Due to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of various harmful substances, their excessive usage pollutes the ecosystem [5, 6] Natural radionuclides such as mercury, cadmium, and lead as well as various chemicals insecticides are absorbed by plants through the soil and eventually enter the food chain [7, 8].
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