Abstract
One tool used for strategic performance management in the public sector organisations is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) approach. The BSC can assist the definition of comprehensive strategic objectives, better key performance indicators and improved organisational performance outcomes. The BSC system not only promotes synergy and alignment of strategies among that of departmental and functional units, but also it promotes strategic communication for decision-makers to sustain high organisational performance outcomes. Based on the leadership accountability framework as a means to analyse the process of improving and sustaining public sector performance outcomes, this study also found that four key elements contributed to the successful implementation of the BSC to improve and sustain public sector performance: leadership effectiveness, strategy and HRM "fit' management, balanced performance management system and performance governance. Moreover, the research supported the hypothesis that strategic leadership is a necessary condition for the implementation of new and complex performance management tools in the Indonesian public service and for sustaining the performance improvements created by tools such as the BSC.
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