Abstract
The ongoing global shortage of healthcare professionals, particularly doctors and nurses, presents a critical challenge to the efficiency and accessibility of healthcare systems. This manuscript reviews the concept of task substitution between doctors and nurses, emphasizing the role of Advanced Nursing Practitioners (ANPs) in addressing workforce deficits. Drawing on examples from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, the study explores how ANPs have been integrated into various healthcare settings, including primary care, geriatrics, mental health, and emergency care. The manuscript also discusses the potential for implementing similar practices in Poland, offering a strategic framework for enhancing nursing education, expanding ANP roles, and improving patient outcomes through healthcare reform. By examining the educational requirements, scope of practice, and existing models of ANP integration, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of how advanced nursing roles can alleviate pressures on healthcare systems and suggests actionable steps for policymakers.
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