Implementing precautionary principle in the marine environment under the background of Japan’s Fukushima nuclear water discharge

Abstract

After two years of preparation, Japan initiated the release of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water into the ocean on 24 Aug. 2023, despite widespread opposition and international boycotts. Japan’s rationale for this action primarily revolves around cost-effectiveness when compared to alternative solutions. However, this decision has raised significant global concerns regarding its environmental impact and its implications for international interests, given the interconnectedness of the world’s waters. This paper critically examines Japan’s decision through the lens of the Precautionary Principle, considering four key components. The analysis reveals that the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water does not align with this principle. Instead, it is argued that Japan should halt the discharge and pursue cooperation with affected nations and international organizations. Given the irreversibility of this action, the Japanese government must commit to rigorous monitoring and research of marine ecosystems and radioactive contaminants, both before and after the discharge, to ensure the least possible harm to the environment. This approach promotes scientific rigour and aligns with the broader goals of environmental protection, fostering international collaboration for a sustainable future.