Abstract
The review is devoted to the analysis of the available literature on the elimination of measles. The review focuses on the current measles epidemic situation in the African Region (AFR) and the implementation of the WHO strategic plan for the elimination of measles in AFR by 2020. Measles in the AFR is characterized by a severe course with a high risk of death due to malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, concomitant bacterial and viral infections, and malaria. In 2015, 105,256 cases of measles were reported in the WHO African Region, most of them among children under 5 years old, 79% of whom were not vaccinated or had unknown vaccine status. Initially, the strategy for implementing the measles elimination program in AFRs was based on a combination of immunization campaigns for children under 14 years of age (coverage of more than 90%) and routine vaccination of at least 90% of children aged 9–15 months. It was recommended to repeat the campaign of mass immunization of children aged 9 months up to 4 years every 3–5 years. The use of this strategy has reduced the number of measles cases by 83–97% during the first year of additional immunization programs. The recommended age of routine measles vaccination in AFRs is 9 months — a strategy to reduce infant mortality, including that due to complications of measles. In 2016, measles vaccination was introduced into the national immunization schedule in all AFR countries, and 24 countries introduced revaccination. Currently, the measles elimination program in a number of AFR countries is based on two-dose immunization (MCV1 and MCV2). The measles prevention program in a number of AFR countries was disrupted due to the Ebola epidemic. There are some common problems in the realization of the program in AFR countries. All AFR countries are committed to the measles elimination program. The review provides information on strategies and successes in overcoming challenges to achieve the goals set for the WHO African Region in the implementation of the programme of measles elimination.
Highlights
In 1989 the World Health Assembly, and in 1990 the Meeting of Heads of State on child health set the goal of reducing measles morbidity and mortality by 90% and 95%, respectively
The review is devoted to the analysis of the available literature on the elimination of measles and focuses on the current measles epidemic situation in the African Region (AFR)
In the WHO African region, approximately one third of measles cases are associated with complications
Summary
Камара Дж., Антипова А.Ю.2, Бичурина М.А.2, Зарубаев В.В.2, Магассуба Н'Ф.1, Лаврентьева И.Н.2 1 Университет Гамаля Абдель Насера, Конакри, Республика Гвинея 2 ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологи имени Пастера, Санкт-Петербург, Россия. Осуществление программы элиминации кори в Aфриканском регионе ВОЗ // Инфекция и иммунитет. Связанные с выполнением Стратегического плана по элиминации кори Всемирной организации здравоохранения в Африканском регионе к 2020 г. В Африканском регионе ВОЗ было зарегистрировано 105 256 случаев кори, большинство из них среди детей в возрасте до пяти лет, 79% из которых не были вакцинированы или имели неизвестный статус вакцины. Первоначально стратегия реализации программы ликвидации кори в Африканском регионе основывалась на сочетании кампаний иммунизации детей в возрасте до 14 лет с охватом более 90% и плановой вакцинации не менее 90% детей в возрасте 9–15 месяцев. В настоящее время программа элиминации кори в ряде стран в Африканском регионе ВОЗ опирается на две дозы иммунизации (MCV1 и MCV2). Существуют некоторые общие для всех регионов ВОЗ проблемы в реализации программы элиминации кори, которые характерны также для стран Африки.
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