Abstract
In 2017, the aggregate electrification ratio in Indonesia has been achieving 92.8%. However, some rural areas such as in Maluku and Papua Islands still have low electrification ratio (~70%). One of the main problems in supplying electricity to rural areas in Indonesia is the geographical concern which consisted of islands leading to the difficulty of electricity grid development. In some areas, diesel power plant has been being built to supply the electricity. However, it causes another problem to transport the primary energy source to the targeted area which would increase the cost of electricity supply. Besides, it also needs investment cost to build transmission and distribution systems, as well as the maintenance expenses. To resolve this issue, a new scheme of battery-based Tabung Listrik or TaLis (DC-based power bank) and DC house system is proposed to be the solution to provide electricity to rural areas. The potential of local renewable energy sources such as biomass, hydro, wind, and solar could be utilized to be charging sources of batteries (TaLis). This study presents the TaLis prototype, DC house installation, supply chain process and charging scheme of TaLis, and cost comparison between the proposed system with other existing power systems such as communal PV farm and diesel power plant. We found that TaLis and DC house system provided the least cost of electricity production compared to other power systems, i.e. $0.88/kWh for TaLis and DC house system, $1.65/kWh for diesel power plant, and $1.47/kWh for communal PV farm. Implementation of this approach is expected to improve the welfare and quality of life of rural communities immediately.
Highlights
Conventional electric grids generate electricity using generators in alternating current (AC) form
In direct current (DC) system there are no such issues so the efficiency of power transmission and distribution from power plants to consumers is higher compared to the AC system [2]
The improvement of renewable energy sources (RES) and DC loads makes DC power systems more feasible to be implemented in the future [3]
Summary
Conventional electric grids generate electricity using generators in alternating current (AC) form. While for isolated DC microgrid, a power control algorithm has been developed in order to attain effective energy management [5] Another intelligent power control of DC microgrid based on fuzzy algorithm has been proposed as well [6]. An efficient distribution architecture of solar PV based low-power low-voltage DC microgrid could be achieved with regards to the arrangements of houses [7]. In this study, another scheme to electrify rural areas without constructing transmission or distribution networks or microgrids is proposed, while the renewable energy sources, battery energy storage systems, and DC loads are implemented
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