Implementation of Spring Load Restrictions Using a Deflection-Calibrated Thaw Index

Abstract

The City of Ottawa, Canada, uses a Dynaflect to monitor the change in pavement strength during the spring thaw at 11 test sites selected to represent its arterial road network. As the average deflection of the sites approaches a threshold value, load restrictions are publicized by signage and advertisements in local newspapers. The restrictions remain in effect until deflections decrease below the threshold value. Local police equipped with portable weigh scales enforce the restrictions. The goal is to allow for the shortest possible restriction period and still ensure that the road infrastructure is protected. However, the decision to implement load restrictions is traditionally made too late, because prediction of thaw progression between weekly deflection testing is difficult. The city's pavements are occasionally subjected to full-load hauling during the initial and most critical portion of the thaw period. To predict the onset and progression of the spring thaw better, the thaw index (TI) was used in addition to deflection testing. The TI (as calibrated separately by the Minnesota Department of Transportation and Manitoba Transportation and Government Services, Canada) was analyzed to determine whether it would predict the same implementation date as did deflection data. Results suggested that calibration factors provided by either agency are sufficiently accurate in the Ottawa environment but the Manitoba calibration is slightly more precise. Future investigation will involve use of surface curvature index, as well as direct temperature measurements from the city's Road Weather Information Systems.