Implementation of Royal College of Radiologists Consensus Statements and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Guidance: Breast Radiotherapy Practice in the UK

Abstract

AimsBreast radiotherapy practice, driven by large randomised controls trials, is increasingly being risk adapted to the biology and stage of the cancer. The aim of this audit was to measure current breast radiotherapy practice in the UK against quality standards from the 2016 Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) consensus statements and the 2018 updated National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. These guidelines include new recommendations for partial breast irradiation for women at lower risk of recurrence and internal mammary chain radiotherapy for those at higher risk. Materials and methodsRadiotherapy departments completed a questionnaire for all patients starting adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer in a 2-week period mid-2019. ResultsEighty-one per cent of centres returned data on 958 patients, including 18 bilateral cancers. Of 976 breast cancers, 23.9% were treated with mastectomy. The dose fractionation schedule for adjuvant radiotherapy was 40 Gy in 15 fractions in 95.7% of cases. Of the 743 cases treated with breast conservation, 29.9% received an additional tumour bed boost. The boost was given sequentially in 91.9% of cases and with eight different dose fractionation schedules. Of 494 left-sided breast cancer cases, 54% (n = 267) received radiotherapy in deep inspiratory breath hold. All centres except one had a deep inspiratory breath hold technique available. Only 12% of patients who met the RCR criteria for partial breast irradiation received it. Overall, 14.7% and 9.9% of patients meeting the RCR and NICE criteria for internal mammary chain radiotherapy, respectively, received it. ConclusionsDespite established consensus statements and NICE guidelines there persists variation in breast radiotherapy practice in the UK. The results of practice-changing trials showing the benefit of cardiac-sparing radiotherapy techniques, partial breast radiotherapy and internal mammary nodal radiotherapy have not been fully implemented. This audit highlights areas for targeted quality improvement and future consensus statements.