Implementation of Nitrate Treatment for Reservoir Souring Control: Complexities and Pitfalls

Abstract

Abstract The activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has long been a major concern in oilfield water systems and petroleum reservoirs because these microorganisms are one of the main causative agents of microbial-influenced corrosion (MIC) as well as reservoir souring. Calcium nitrate and sodium nitrate treatments have gained popularity in recent years as alternatives or supplements to conventional biocide treatments. The object of these nitrate treatments is the suppression of SRB activity by the selective manipulation of indigenous bacteria. The treatments have met with mixed success; in some cases SRB activity has been suppressed, whereas in other cases the treatment has failed. Cases where nitrate treatment has not been successful are less likely to be publicized than cases where the treatment has been deemed to be successful. There are also instances where nitrate treatment has been successful in suppression of SRB activity but has given rise to unacceptable increases in corrosion rates in water injection pipe-work. In the experience of the author, nitrate treatments are rarely planned, trialed or implemented in a systematic manner, so as to maximize the chance of success and minimize unforeseen negative consequences. Based on practical examples from the author's experience and published information, this paper examines the most important factors that should be taken into account in methodical planning of trials and field-wide implementation of nitrate treatments, with particular reference to corrosion control.