Abstract

AbstractThis chapter brings together the EU and national instruments conducive to circular migration developed in Bulgaria and Poland and assesses their implementation against the backdrop of the study’s benchmarks concerning entry and re-entry conditions for migrant workers. In order to do that, the chapter first presents the national general admission frameworks and the specific instruments identified as favourable to circular migration; as a second step, it focuses on the implementation of EU instruments in the national laws of Bulgaria and Poland. This analysis is complemented by insights into the implementation dynamics of the EU and national instruments on the basis of data collected through focus groups with migrants from Ukraine and Russia as well as interviews conducted with stakeholders and data on permits retrieved from the national administrations of both countries. The chapter ends with an assessment of whether the instruments developed provide options for facilitated entry for migrants from the Eastern partnership countries and Russia, as well as for circulation-friendly policies – for instance, the possibility to grant priority to seasonal workers who have been employed in the territory of a Member State for a significant period over other workers who seek admission to that State.

Highlights

  • The Polish Act on Foreigners of 20132 regulates the granting, extension, and revocation or cancellation of visas,3 including Schengen visas, that permit its holder to remain in the territory of Poland for a maximum of 90 days during a 180-­ day period,4 and national long-stay visas

  • It demonstrated that Poland facilitates entry for nationals of Eastern Partnership countries and Russia through both national and EU visa policy instruments, as well as on the basis of national mechanisms such as the Oświadczenie procedure and the Karta Polaka, which is in line with the benchmarks of this study

  • Poland is gradually liberalising access to its labour market based on a wide spectrum of exemptions from work permit applications and the performance of a labour market test regulated through bylaws

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Summary

Chapter 6

Implementation of National Approaches to Circular Migration: Entry and Re-entry Conditions for Migrant Workers in Bulgaria and Poland. In order to do that, the chapter first presents the national general admission frameworks and the specific instruments identified as favourable to circular migration; as a second step, it focuses on the implementation of EU instruments in the national laws of Bulgaria and Poland. This analysis is complemented by insights into the implementation dynamics of the EU and national instruments on the basis of data collected through focus groups with migrants from Ukraine and Russia as well as interviews conducted with stakeholders and data on permits retrieved from the national administrations of both countries. 128 6 Implementation of National Approaches to Circular Migration: Entry and Re-entry

General Admission Frameworks
National Instruments Conducive to Circular Migration
Entry and Re-entry Conditions Provided by National Instruments – Implementation Dynamics
EU Visa & GAMM Instruments Facilitating Circular Migration
EU Visa & GAMM Instruments Facilitating Circular Migration - Implementation Dynamics
Blue Card Directive
Blue Card Directive – Implementation Dynamics
Seasonal Workers’ Directive
Seasonal Workers’ Directive – Implementation Dynamics
EU Long-Term Residence Directive
EU Long-Term Residence Directive – Implementation Dynamics
Intra-corporate Transferees’ Directive
Intra-corporate Transferees’ Directive – Implementation Dynamics
Students’ and Researchers’ Directive
Students’ and Researchers’ Directive – Implementation Dynamics
Conclusions
Findings
Conclusions employers train a
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