Implementation of human-centered design methods in designing application interfaces for nursing home service

Currently in Indonesia there are millions of school-age children. Some of them still have difficulty in accessing education, including children with special needs. Children with special needs are part of a society that is classified as vulnerable. Some institutions state that they are 10 times more likely to be out of school. Even when they go to school, the learning they receive tends to be not optimal, especially for autistic children. Autism is a disorder of overall human development that results in barriers to socialization, communication, and behavior. With the various obstacles they have, the learning process they receive tends to be less than optimal if it is not balanced with adequate facilities and infrastructure. Therefore, in this study, researchers want to design a digital learning application for autistic users based on a website, where the User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) of the learning application are tailored to the user's needs. By using the Human-Centered Design (HCD) method that focuses on humans in its manufacture. With these grounds and reasons, it is hoped that this research can produce a UI UX with a good level of usability, effectiveness, and user satisfaction.

Arm Robot Controller is a controller that can be use to controlled wirelessly using Bluetooth based on an android application. Arm Robot Controller is designed as a learning media to help users(student) learn and understand material related to industrial robotic. This arm robot controller born because there is a need to facilitate student that have a large anthusiasm in understand industrial robotic. For that purpose they need a learning media of a controller that they can build with material that available in their surroundings to make it easier to explain on how the principle of controller works. The design method that use in this product are the User-centered Design (UCD) method. The UCD method has 5 stages, namely Plan the Human Centered Process, Specify the Context of Use, Specify User and Organizational Requirements, Produce Design Solutions and Evaluate Design against User Requirements. The design of the User Interface (UI) design follows the UI design principles of User Familiarity, Consistency, Minimal Surprise, Recoverability, and User Guidance. User Interface design uses a web-based designer application, namely MIT App Inventor which is open source. MIT app inventor can make it easier for users because programming uses blocks that are connected to each other. Evaluation of the design results uses the Overall Relative Efficiency method to measure the level of efficiency and error, while the System Usability Scale method is used to measure the level of satisfaction. The evaluation results show an efficiency level of 77.98% with an error rate of 18.6%. While satisfaction score is 79 so that the application can be categorized as acceptable.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The use of Human Centered Design (HCD) to improve the quality of team science is a recent application, and HCDs benefits and challenges have not been rigorously evaluated. We conducted a qualitative study with health sciences researchers trained in HCD methods to determine how they applied HCD methods and perceived its benefits and challenges. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The University of Pittsburgh offered HCD training to three cohorts of research scientists (staff as well as faculty) over a three-year period. The training was provided by the LUMA Institute, a premier HCD design firm with a highly regarded training program. We then evaluated this training by conducting 1-hour, semi-structured interviews with trainees from three training cohorts. Interviews focused on perceptions of the training, subsequent uses of HCD, barriers and facilitators, and perceptions of the utility of HCD to science teams. Data analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarkes process for thematic analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We interviewed 18 researchers (nine faculty and nine staff) trained in HCD methods and identified distinct themes regarding HCD use and its perceived benefits and challenges. Trainees found HCD relevant to research teams for stakeholder engagement, research design, project planning, meeting facilitation, and team management. They also described benefits of HCD in five distinct areas: creativity, egalitarianism, structure, efficiency, and visibility. We also identified challenges, including tensions between HCD approaches and academic culture. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that HCD has the potential to help researchers work more inclusively and collaboratively on interdisciplinary teams and generate more innovative and impactful science. The application of HCD methods is not without challenges; however, we believe these challenges can be overcome with institutional investment.

Lalamove is a logistics platform connecting customers with trained drivers and couriers, offering secure, rapid, and convenient delivery solutions, focusing on quality, safety, and customer satisfaction. This study analyzes user satisfaction with the Lalamove application using twovice Quality (SERVQUAL) and End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS). The SERVQUAL method assesses service quality across five dimensions: tangible ty, dimensions, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Meanwhile, EUCS evaluates information system user satisfaction based on five dimensions: content, accuracy, Format, ease of use, and timeliness. Employing a quantitative approach with a survey method, this research involved 309 respondents comprising Lalamove application users, including customers and drivers. The results indicate that reliability and responsiveness (SERVQUAL), Format, and insourcing support (EUCS) significantly influence customer satisfaction. Additionally, the overall EUCS variables positively impact customer satisfaction. These findings suggest that combining SERVQUAL and EUCS provides a holistic understanding of service quality and user satisfaction, encompassing aspects of operational and user experience. Primary recommendations include enhancing system performance, improving delivery timeliness, and optimizing the application's interface design and usability.

This paper aims to investigate collaborative product development activities and highlights the importance of human perspectives for developing a collaborative product development (CPD) system. For CPD systems to be useful, it is necessary to effect usable and useful interaction. Therefore, the human-centred design (HCD) method had been implemented into the developing process of a CPD system. The modified HCD method specifies how the activities fit into the overall system development process. A proposed plan guides: (1) the design process activities described, (2) procedures for integrating these activities with other system development activities, (3) the individuals and the organisation(s) responsible for the design activities and the range of skills and viewpoints they provide and (4) effective procedures for establishing feedback and communication on design activities as they affect other design activities and methods for documenting these activities.

This research aims to design an educational game "BacaKids" to help young children learn to read in Indonesian and English using the Human-Centered Design (HCD) method. The main issue addressed is the low reading ability of young children, caused by a lack of interactive learning methods and engaging media. This research seeks to create an intuitive, engaging user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) tailored to children's preferences. The research method consists of four stages in the HCD process: discover, define, design, and validate. In the discover stage, observations and interviews were conducted to understand user needs. These findings were analyzed in the define stage, forming the basis for wireframes and initial prototypes. During the design stage, the prototype was developed into an interactive game. Validation was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS), yielding a usability score of 91.75, well above average. The game’s Acceptability Ranges were rated as Acceptable, the Grade Scale as A, and the Adjective Ratings as Best Imaginable, indicating that the game is easy to use and well-received by users. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of HCD in creating enjoyable educational games that support reading development in early childhood.

Human-centered design (HCD) training offers the potential to improve both team processes and products. However, the use of HCD to improve the quality of team science is a relatively recent application, and its benefits and challenges have not been rigorously evaluated. We conducted a qualitative study with health sciences researchers trained in HCD methods. We aimed to determine how researchers applied HCD methods and perceived the benefits and barriers to using HCD on research teams. We conducted 1-hour, semi-structured interviews with trainees from three training cohorts. Interviews focused on perceptions of the training, subsequent uses of HCD, barriers and facilitators, and perceptions of the utility of HCD to science teams. Data analysis was conducted using Braun and Clarke's process for thematic analysis. We interviewed nine faculty and nine staff trained in HCD methods and identified four themes encompassing HCD use, benefits, challenges, and tensions between HCD approaches and academic culture. Trainees found HCD relevant to research teams for stakeholder engagement, research design, project planning, meeting facilitation, and team management. They also described benefits of HCD in five distinct areas: creativity, egalitarianism, structure, efficiency, and visibility. Our data suggest that HCD has the potential to help researchers work more inclusively and collaboratively on interdisciplinary teams and generate more innovative and impactful science. The application of HCD methods is not without challenges; however, we believe these challenges can be overcome with institutional investment.

Human centered design (HCD) is a traditional human Factors and Ergonomics concept. About the end of last century (1999), HCD is firstly standardized as process. It is rare case that the HCD which is not academic system is continued to discuss. The reason is considered not to solve the issues by using HCD. The purpose of this study is to investigate degree of recognition and application for promoting installation of HCD process to interactive system development area for usability and to clarify the issues and propose ways to solve this HCD problem. The questionnaire results by about 600 developers shows that known ratio about HCD is about 58% and applied ratio for in known ratio is about 42% (152 developers). However, overall, only 23% are covered. If HCD is recognized, nearly half of it will be applied, so it is important to raise overall recognition. The ratio of upper phase, development phase and evaluation phase that requirement definition related usability are similar. However, the ratio of deciding usability requirement in upper phase is only 13%. The ratio of evaluating usability requirement before specification is only 10%. Though the ration of recognition for HCD is not so low, many developing areas cannot decide usability requirement before requirement definitions. It is guessed that almost developers do not know how to decide usability requirements.To confirm this question, the other study was carried out. The ratio of recognition for Common Industry Format for usability (CIF) is about 39%. The number of developers to apply CIF to development is about 90. It is only 14%. The CIF is the format for applying HCD process to development process which is standardized in ISO. This standard series is belonged in Standard series for software quality called SQuaRE (System and software Quality Requirement and Evaluation). As the range of recognition for SQuaRE series is about 43%, it is necessary to spread CIF to software development areas.To verify the effectiveness of CIF, CIF is applied to self-driving bus system. Firstly, a high-level description of the context of use shown in the context of use description (ISO/IEC 25063) was made for a usual bus and self-driving bus system, respectively. After that, use needs and user requirements were extracted based on high level description. This process shows that it is easy to extract user requirements before requirements decision phase by using the CIF. However, it is found that management level does not understand the importance for the role of upper phase activities by this time investigation. For this reason, it seems that the ratio of recognition of HCD. It is necessary for improving usability to spread HCD, CIF and SQuaRE much more.

In a world where competitors are just a mouse-click away, humancentered design (HCD) methods change from a last minute add-on to a vital part of the software development lifecycle. However, case studies indicate that existing process models for HCD are not prepared to cope with the organizational obstacles typically encountered during the introduction and establishment of HCD methods in industrial software development organizations. Knowledge about exactly how to most efficiently and smoothly integrate HCD methods into development processes practiced by software development organizations is still not available. To bridge this gap, we present the experience-based human-centered design lifecycle, an interdisciplinary effort of experts in the fields of software engineering, human-computer interaction, and process improvement. Our approach aims at supporting the introduction, establishment and continuous improvement of HCD processes in software development organizations. The approach comprises a process model, tools, and organizational measures that promote the utilization of HCD methods in otherwise technology-centered development processes and facilitate organizational learning in HCD. We present results of a case study where our approach has been successfully applied in a major industrial software development project.

In an era of rapid technological advances, there are many companies that have not utilized technology, one of which is PT Dari Visi Technology. So that the company's performance is not optimal. Therefore, we need a system to help the company's performance. The system can be a website or mobile. PT Dari Visi Technology requires a website inventory to help check goods. To produce a good website, user interface design and user experience are needed in order to determine the level of user satisfaction when using the system. This design will be designed using the User Centered Design (UCD) method where this method is focused on the needs and requirements of the user. In the UCD User Centered Design method there are 5 steps that need to be done, namely Plan the Human Centered Process, Specify the Context of Use, Specify User and Organizational Requirements, Produce Design Solutions, and Evaluate Designs against User Requirements. Following each step and stage of the UCD method will produce a design that fits the user's needs. This is proven by evaluating the design using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method to determine the user experience score. The test results using the System Usability Scale (SUS) get a result of 71,875. In the SUS range, it gets a grade C and is included in the good category

Chapter 8 - Using methods from human-centered design in health research: An introduction for pharmacy and health services researchers

Background. Education has undergone a significant transformation due to digital technology, which has increased its flexibility, accessibility, and engagement. With gamifikasi strategies that increase user engagement, the Duolingo app is a highly preferred language learning resource, especially for learning English. Purpose. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) methods will be used in this study to evaluate the usability and user satisfaction of the Duolingo program. Method. 404 respondents were obtained for this study using a quantitative approach using the Slovin formula sampling technique. Ten SUS items and five components of EUCS, content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness were included in the online survey used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis to assess SUS and EUCS scores. Result. The app has a good usability level, with an average SUS score of 78.86 (grade B+). The five components, content (4.4), accuracy (4.2), format (4.5), ease of use (4.5), and timeliness (4.4), produced excellent results for EUCS. Most respondents were between the ages of 18 and 24, and they spent an average of less than 30 minutes a day. Conclusion. Particularly when it comes to usability and interface design, Duolingo offers a positive user experience and high satisfaction. Its gamifikasi strategy increases the effectiveness and engagement of English learning, especially for younger users.

Despite the current effort on ship design associated with hull structure, navigational and propulsion, equipment design inadequacy still causes approximately one-third of all maritime accidents [1]. Human-centred design (HCD) can minimise human errors through maritime service design [2]. The core of HCD is to enhance the usability of products/systems and maximise user’s satisfaction. The Human-centred maritime design (HCMD) applies the HCD method in ship bridge design, and enhances OOW performance in vessel operation. Service design is categorised as a sub-category of industrial design [3], a specification and construction process to deliver valuable capacities for actions of a particular user [4]. Contemporary industrial designers increasingly produce concepts/solutions for services rather than physical products [5], which is expected to work across disciplines and understand users, technologies, and business [3]. Taking account of the five vital parts of service design: actors (seafarers), locations (ship bridge), props (interfaces), associates (vessel manufacturers), and processes (operation workflows) [6] in the maritime service industry, a new HCMD will help designers to identify problems, iterate design concepts, and address all dimensions of user’s issues. VR and 3D Game Engine technologies provide an alternative approach for designers to present their design concepts. They enable prototyping and testing (data collection) works to be undertaken easily and with low cost; this was especially significant when the practice of NPD (new product development) took place during the Covid-19 pandemic. Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) has been adopted in current ship design [2]. The application of physical ergonomics has benefitted the modernisation of ship design to improve seafarers’ workplace conditions. Cognitive ergonomics particularly helps in the user interface design (UI) to reduce seafarers’ cognitive workload. Organisational ergonomics, however, will affect the workflow structure of vessel operations to relieve the pressure on seafarers during the decision-making process [2]. A recently funded project has been undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, seeking a design solution to improve seafarers’ performance reliability at sea. The principles/criteria of maritime service design were developed based on the study of a) human/operator needs; b) the state-of-the-art technologies to improve the seafarer’s work environment; and c) the user experience (UX) in vessel operation. A combination of engineering and design research methods were employed: a systematic review to clarify/address the above research questions; and the field study to investigate current/future requirements of ship bridge design; to map the behavioural human-machine interaction (HMI) and further to develop the design criteria/drivers for the ideation of an ergonomic interface. The NASA-TLX (task load index) assessment method will be used in the validation phase (future work) to assess if the design solution reduced participants’ cognitive workload and enhanced their vessel operation performance. This paper explores the project conducted so far and offers initial findings.

ISO TC159 deals with Human Factors and Ergonomics Standards. They have four sub-committees (SCs), they are, SC1 "General ergonomic principles", SC3 "Anthropometry and biomechanics", SC4 "Ergonomics of human system interaction" and SC5 "Ergonomics of physical environment" and over 100 standards has been published. It is important that ISO is useful for industrial area. But it is also important to be supported by academic area.The theme and concept of ISO TC159/SC4 are as follows:1.Human centered design (HCD) / usability: process and concept, format related software engineering2.Interaction: interaction principles, principles of presentation of information3.Display/ image: hardware characteristics and image safety4.Environment: desk and chair in HCI, object about physical environment and things about work style.5.Control panel: design for central control room in a large size control systemIn these, most of standards Almost of them have been standardized as ISO9241 series in ergonomics standards.These five themes are much important for social system from the viewpoint of ergonomics. Especially, HCD is necessary for improving software usability. There are four activities in HCD, they are, clarify context of use, “Understand and specify the context of use”, “specify the user requirements”, “produce design solutions to meet these requirements”, “evaluate the designs against requirements”. As examples of outcome of HCD activities, format related software engineering, i.e., “Common Industry Format for usability related information (CIF)” are prepared.This paper shows the result of systematization relationship among standardization about interaction, presentation of information, HCD and software quality, especially software quality. To systematize these relations, it can be clarified that the relationship among process model, process assessment model, software quality and HCD.

Human-centered design (HCD) methods in machine learning generally focus on workflow, user interfaces, and data visualizations, but there is the potential to apply these methods to inform the model development and testing process.This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of HCD methods to support the design and testing of machine learning models developed for clinical decision-making.In preparing for formative user testing of clinician facing representations of a machine learning model for detecting sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients, we discovered that interactive low fidelity mockups using real patient data revealed potential model anomalies. To further investigate these potential anomalies, we utilized the qualitative analysis of interviews with 31 NICU clinicians concerning their experience with neonatal sepsis. The review process was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with members having expertise in neonatology, informatics, data science, and human computer interaction (HCI). Anomalies identified via the mockups and interview analysis were further analyzed by inspections of patient charts and model features and code.The HCD-facilitated review revealed anomalies in three categories: (1) feature inclusion and exclusion, (2) feature importance, and (3) model stability over time. Data entry errors in the electronic health record and their impact on model output were also noted. The review resulted in 41 changes to the model.The discovery of over 41 opportunities to improve our prediction model was a serendipitous by-product of the HCD process. Our results suggest that HCD can be applied not only to model display design and measures of explainability, but to the development and evaluation of the model itself. This case report also demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary team of clinicians, data scientists, and HCI experts in identifying and addressing issues involving machine learning model performance.