Abstract
Decentralized power generation efficaciously merges technological advances in a rapidly changing face of power networks introducing new power system components, advanced control, renewable sources, elegant communication, and web technology paving the way for the so called smart grids. Distributed generation technology lies at the intersection point of power systems, power electronics, control engineering, renewable energy, and communication systems which are not mutually exclusive subjects. Key features of renewable integration in a distribution network include loss minimization, voltage stability, power quality improvement, and low-cost consumption resulting from abundant natural resources such as solar or wind energy. In this research work, a case study has been carried out at a 132 kV grid station of Layyah, Pakistan, which has active losses, reactive losses, low power factor, low voltage on the demand side, and overloaded transformers and distribution lines. As a result, power outage issue is frequent on the consumer side. To overcome this issue, a simulation of load flow of this system is performed using the Newton-Raphson method due to its less computational time, fewer iterations, fast convergence, and independence from slack bus selection. It finds the harsh condition in which there were 23 overloaded transformers, 38 overloaded distribution lines, poor voltage profile, and low power factor at the demand side. There is a deficit of 24 MW in the whole system along with 4.58 MW active and 12.30 MVAR reactive power losses. To remove power deficiency, distributed generation using solar plants is introduced to an 11 kV distribution system with a total of 24 units with each unit having a capacity of 1 MW. Consequently, active and reactive power losses are reduced to 0.548 MW and 0.834 MVAR, respectively. Furthermore, the voltage profile improves, the power factor enhances, and the line losses reduce to a great extent. Finally, overloaded transformers and distribution lines also return to normal working conditions.
Highlights
The global emerging trend of deregulated electricity market has underpinned a remarkable stride in the paradigm of distributed or dispersed generation (DG) by the use of small photovoltaic or wind plants to cope with the inevitable shortcomings such as power outage, poor quality, voltage regulation, and increased component losses in commercial and domestic infrastructure [1, 2]
In the first part of the research, the whole grid station of Layyah including three zones consisting of 24 distribution transformers each is simulated on an Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) power flow solver using the Newton-Raphson algorithm
A case study of the 132 kV grid station at Layyah has been simulated on ETAP
Summary
The global emerging trend of deregulated electricity market has underpinned a remarkable stride in the paradigm of distributed or dispersed generation (DG) by the use of small photovoltaic or wind plants to cope with the inevitable shortcomings such as power outage, poor quality, voltage regulation, and increased component losses in commercial and domestic infrastructure [1, 2]. Mehta et al proposed a selection scheme of the best type of DG unit and its optimal location by analyzing the voltage sensitivity index and bus participation factors using a power flow algorithm and modal analysis technique [17] With these protocols, they were able to enhance the voltage stability of the distribution network with simultaneous improvement in the voltage profile for the 33- and 136-node radial distribution network. In the first part of the research, the whole grid station of Layyah including three zones consisting of 24 distribution transformers each is simulated on an Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) power flow solver using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. As suggested by the results, all components of the network operate under normal loading conditions, and the voltage profile and power factor at each load side improved substantially with a considerable reduction in the losses across each transformer and distribution line.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
