Abstract
Faults in power systems are classified as internal and external faults. Faults within the zone are termed as internal faults whereas; the faults outside the Zone are called as external faults. Ideally, a relay outward after the protection of a zone should operate only for internal faults. It should restrain from operating for external faults or through faults. In this project, the busbar protection using differential protection scheme has been investigated for internal and external faults. The current magnitude from the Current Transformer is compared with a preset value and when the current exceeds the preset value, and then a trip command is given to associated circuit breaker. In this work, an algorithm has been developed to improve the selectivity of the relay and the same is tested on three-phase bus bar having two incoming lines and three outgoing lines at different fault levels and the results are verified for internal and external faults. The entire algorithm is programmed and graphical views of relay performance are verified using the MP LAB platform.
Highlights
The relay used in power system protection are of differential types
Any types of the relay can operate as a differential relay depends on upon the way it is connected in a circuit
A differential algorithm has been proposed for the protection of the busbar for internal and external faults
Summary
Among them differential relay is very usually used relay for protecting transformers and generators from localized faults. A differential relay is defined as the relay that operates when the phase difference of two or more identical electrical quantities exceeds a predetermined amount. The differential relay works on the principle of comparison between the point and magnitude of 2 or additional equivalent electrical quantities. Comparing 2 electrical quantities in a very circuit victimization differential relays is easy in application and positive in action. Any types of the relay can operate as a differential relay depends on upon the way it is connected in a circuit. The phase difference is achieved by suitable connections of secondary of CTs and PTs. The differential protection principle is utilized for the protection of generator, generator-transformer units, transformers, feeders, giant motors, and bus-bars
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