Abstract
The diesel engine is one of the solutions to slow down fossil fuel depletion due to its high efficiency. However, its high pollutant emission limits its usage in many fields. To improve its efficiency and emissions, a conventional mechanical fuel injection system (MFI) was be replaced with common rail direct injection (CRDI) system for the purpose of this study. In this way, injection parameters such as injection timing, injection pressure and multiple injection schemes can be tuned to enhance the engine performance. The rail pressure and engine speed response of the modified diesel engine was tested. It was found that by advancing the start of injection timing (SOI) timing or increasing the rail pressure, the brake torque generated can be increased. Multiple injection schemes can be implemented to reduce the peak heat release rate (HRR). Post injection was observed to increase the late combustion HRR. The maximum pressure rise rate (PRR) can be reduced by applying pilot injection. Further research was conducted on optimizing fuel injector parameters to improve the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) consistency and reduce injector power consumption. The consistency of IMEP was indicated by coefficient of variation (CoV) of IMEP. The injector parameters included open time, low time and duty cycle of injector signals. These parameters were optimized by carrying out response surface methodology. The optimized parameters were observed to be 230 µs for open time, 53µs for low time and 27.5% for duty cycle. The percentage of error of CoV of IMEP and injector power were found to be lower than 5% when the predicted results are compared with experimental results.
Highlights
IntroductionThe demand of energy worldwide has increased rapidly due to the growth in population, technology development and industrialization
Energy is an essential to our life nowadays
We can notice that the steady state error for both responses is less than 5% as compared to their setpoints
Summary
The demand of energy worldwide has increased rapidly due to the growth in population, technology development and industrialization. The world population is estimated to reach 9.2 billion in 2040, which will further increase to 11.2 billion in 2100 [1]. The global energy demand is estimated to increase by about 25% from 2016 to 2040 [2]. The demand growth will come from non- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country and lead by China and India, where the energy demand is expected to increase by roughly 40%. It is forecasted that, in ASEAN, the contribution of fossil fuel to the total energy demand will increase from 643 Million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) in to 1133 Mtoe in 2040, with an average annual growth rate of 2.1%. With the increase in energy consumption, the usage of fossil fuels will rise. Coal and oil demand will increase by 40% while natural gas demand will increase by 60% over the same period [3]
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