Implementation of Biodiversity Conventions in Protecting and Conserving Indonesia’s Marine Environment

Abstract

Indonesia has three main ecosystems, mangroves, coral reefs and sea grass bed ecosystems as characteristics of a coastal countries. However, the three ecosystems are getting more and more damaged daily. This is caused by activities carried out by humans such as very fast infrastructure of coastal areas, marine debris and overfishing, and other consequences. To overcome this, the government has issued various policies, especially regarding protecting biodiversity in the three ecosystems. One of the actions taken by the government is to ratify the biodiversity convention (CBD) through Law Number 5 of 1994. Since the agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a global development established, the implementation of the biodiversity convention must be aligned with the SDGs, to create equitable development and ensure human welfare. Subsequently, a conflict emerged, was how to align policies to provide effective protection for the conservation of the three marine ecosystems while continuing to develop globally so that the marine environment preservation was maintained and developed for the community, especially in coastal areas continued to develop. This study uses a normative approach by analyzing international conventions and related national regulations and then be written down by descriptive analysis. This research has purposed to find the perfect concept of policy for the implementation of CBD to give protection and conservation the environment in the Indonesia sea. Research shows that it is necessary to make legal regulations that contain strict sanctions against perpetrators of destroying marine ecosystems because so far, there have been no strict sanctions given by law enforcement officers against those who violate these rules.