Abstract
In this contribution, an end to end system to enable user interaction with a distributed botanical university campus garden is designed, implemented and tested. The proposed system employs different wireless links to collect data related to different bio physiological parameters of both the vegetation mass and the surrounding environment. Detailed analysis of these multilevel communication links is performed by using deterministic volumetric wireless channel estimation and considering underground, near ground and over ground radio propagation conditions. An in-house developed technique enables accurate wireless channel characterization for complete campus scenario considering the multiple link types and all its composing elements. Node definition and network topology is thus obtained by wireless channel analysis of over ground, near ground and underground communication for both 868 MHz and 2.4 GHz Wireless Sensor Networks in an inhomogeneous vegetation environment. Connectivity to enable user interaction as well as for telemetry and tele-control purposes within the campus is achieved by combining ZigBee and LoRaWAN transceivers with the corresponding sensor/actuator platforms. Coverage studies have been performed in order to assess communication capabilities in the set of multiple underground/near ground/over ground links, by means of deterministic channel analysis for the complete university campus location. Measurement results in lab environment as well as full system deployment are presented, showing good agreement with deterministic simulations. Moreover, system level tests have been performed over a physical campus cloud, providing adequate quality of experience metrics. The proposed solution is a scalable system that provides real time trees status monitoring by a cloud-based platform, enabling user interaction within a distributed botanical garden environment in the university campus.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are being actively adopted as enablers for context monitoring within multipleThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Hongwei Du.applications and scenarios, such as environmental pollution [1], power grids [2], public safety [3] and agriculture [4]
LoRa LPWAN measurements have been performed in IIUM campus to study the contribution to the path loss of five tree types for propagation channel modelling [23], and an Internet of Things (IoT) based system for water quality monitoring using WSN and RFID is deployed in the campus area of the University
NEAR-GROUND AND OVER-GROUND WIRELESS LINK ASSESSMENT As a first step to perform the analysis of the multiple communication link types, over-ground and near-ground propagation conditions were considered, since accurate measurements of tree’s eco-physiological/biological parameters requires sensors placed at different height on the tree
Summary
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) are being actively adopted as enablers for context monitoring within multipleThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Hongwei Du.applications and scenarios, such as environmental pollution [1], power grids [2], public safety [3] and agriculture [4]. LoRa LPWAN measurements have been performed in IIUM campus to study the contribution to the path loss of five tree types for propagation channel modelling [23], and an IoT based system for water quality monitoring using WSN and RFID is deployed in the campus area of the University
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