Abstract
Because the nature of the routine activities carried on in nuclear medicine services, where several not sealed radioactive sources are used, the occupational personal exposed to ionization radiation (POE) is exposed to both, internal and external radioactive contamination and direct radiation also. The most important radioisotope from the point of view of radiological risk in such Nuclear Medicine Services (NMS) is the 131I. The Mexican official regulatory organization in radiological and nuclear safety: Comision de Seguridad Nuclear y Salvaguardias (CNSNS) specify, as a requirement in the operation license of Nuclear Medicine Services the mandatory of internal and external dosimetry survey of POE. The external dosimetry survey is normally carried out but the internal dosimetry survey is not easy to do, because internal dosimetry systems are too expensive and in Mexico there are only three organizations (CFE-CLV, ININ, CNSNS) where there are these systems but they aren t easily available for the Nuclear Medicine Services. Because that before fact, we propose a single, and low cost system (SLCS) to survey the internal dosimetry of POE. This system is based in a scintillation NaI(Tl) 2x2 detector and a common radiation monitor tipically used in the routine radiation and contamination measures, with a minimal infrastructure investment. This system is numerical calibrated with Montecarlo method, and compared with an well established commercial System being a good function corresponding. This system is easy to implementing in any nuclear medicine to complain the requirement of operation license in the internal dosimetry POE survey.
Highlights
Due to the low commercial costs of AISI 1045 steel, this is one of the most popular engineering metals used in different industrial sectors
2.1 Metallographic Characterization In Figure 2, a micrograph obtained by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), which corresponds to the cross section of the 1045 steel, is displayed
The AISI 1045 steel samples treated by H2/N2 mixture plasma presented surface modification, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction spectra
Summary
Due to the low commercial costs of AISI 1045 steel, this is one of the most popular engineering metals used in different industrial sectors. In spite of the good properties that 1045 steel presents, it is necessary to realize different types of conventional thermal treatments, the most applied on this steel being tempering, to give the alloy better mechanical properties. For steel’s superficial modification, one of the most applied techniques is plasma-assisted nitriding. With this modification process, it is possible to harden and improve the mechanical properties in the first superficial atomic layers of the steel by the process of nitrogen diffusion into the inner alloy, resulting in the formation of multilayers with properties other than the metal matrix [5, 10]. The interaction of plasma and steel, the temperature reached is between 500 and 600°C, so that no phase transformations occur in the steel
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