Implants Survival Rate in Regenerated Sites with Innovative Graft Biomaterials: 1 Year Follow-Up.

Elio Minetti,Ugo Gambardella,Marcello Contessi,Jesus Santillana,Edoardo Giacometti,Martin Celko,Mauro Libertucci,Filiberto Mastrangelo,Simon Haan,Tomas Beca Campoy,Henrykim Ho,Johannes H Schmitz,Fabrizio Carini

doi:10.3390/ma14185292

Elio Minetti, Ugo Gambardella + Show 11 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14185292

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Abstract

In thirteen different dental clinics in Singapore, Spain, Czech Republic and Italy, 504 patients were selected, and 483 dental implants were placed in maxillary sites after alveolar socket preservation (ASP) procedures with an autologous demineralized tooth extracted as graft material from an innovative Tooth Transformer device was obtained. All procedures used were reported in n°638 Ethical Committee surgical protocol of University of Chieti and approved. After 4 months, at dental implant placing, bone biopsies were performed to evaluate the histologic outcomes, and 12 months after implant loading, global implant survival rate, failure percentage and peri-implant bone loss were detected. After ASP, only 27 post-operative complications were observed and after 4 months, bone biopsy histomorphometric analysis showed a high percentage of bone volume (BV) 43.58 (±12.09), and vital new bone (NB) 32.38 (±17.15) with an absence of inflammation or necrosis areas. Twelve months after loading, only 10 dental implants failed (2.3%), with a 98.2% overall implant survival rate, nine cases showed mucositis (1.8%) and eight showed peri-implantitis (1.6%). At mesial sites, 0.43 mm (±0.83) of bone loss around the implants was detected and 0.23 mm (±0.38) at the distal sites with an average value of 0.37 mm (±0.68) (p > 0.568). Several studies with a longer follow-up will be necessary to confirm the preliminary data observed. However, clinical results seem to suggest that the post-extraction socket preservation procedure using innovative demineralized autologous tooth-derived biomaterial may be a predictable procedure to produce new vital bone able to support dental implant rehabilitation of maxilla edentulous sites.

Highlights

After tooth extraction, the maxillary alveolar bone undergoes several physiological or paraphysiological changes with a constant volumetric bone loss
After the surgical procedures and 1 year after the prosthetic loading of the dental implants, peri-apical X-Ray and graduate periodontal probing were obtained to evaluate the implant osseointegration, the bone condition and resorption, the mesialdistal bone level, mucositis and peri-implatitis. (Table 2) The implant–abutment junction was arbitrarily chosen as a reference point
The results showed high tridimentional bone volume and high percentage of vital bone formation in all alveolar socket preservation (ASP) sites with a low grade of bone loss around the dental implant 1 year after loading, compared with the literature

Summary

Introduction

The maxillary alveolar bone undergoes several physiological or paraphysiological changes with a constant volumetric bone loss. Prosthetic complex procedures have been proposed to contrast the bone remodeling and loss to avoid the failure of dental implant rehabilitation, especially in aesthetic areas. Dental implant rehabilitation is considered the standard treatment to solve tooth loss with a high success rate [2,3,4,5]. After tooth extraction, the alveolar bone undergoes several physiological changes which produces volumetric maxillary bone loss [6]. Several condition play a crucial role for the dental implant prognosis and success; first of all were the qualitative and quantitative bone conditions where the dental implants were placed [7,8,9]

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Discussion

Conclusion