Implant stability measurements using resonance frequency analysis and radiographic evaluation of crestal bone loss in indigenously developed implants placed in fresh extraction sockets

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to measure the stability and crestal bone level changes of indigenously developed implants in fresh extraction sockets. Materials and Methods: Forty implants were placed immediately in fresh extraction sockets in 27 patients in the age group of 18–65 years. Clinical assessment of stability was made using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at the time of placement of implant at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and radiographic crestal bone changes were evaluated using digital radiograph at 0, 6, and 12 months. The distance between the first visible bone-implant contact and implant shoulder was measured, and crestal bone loss was calculated. Results: The mean RFA values obtained were 48.08 ISQ at the time of placement and reached 66.32 ISQ after a follow-up period of 12 months. The mean radiographic bone loss was 0.67 mm at the end of 12 months. The results emphasized that there was no significant bone loss. Out of forty dental implants, two failed in the early phase. Thus, the survival rate of implants placed in fresh extraction socket was 95% at the end of 12 months. Conclusion: Immediate placed implants can attain adequate level of primary stability. These stability levels improve with time, reaching similar values irrespective of the initial stability. About 50% of mean crestal bone loss occurred during the first 6 months after implant placement suggesting several factors other than occlusal load affecting bone levels around implants. The present study also finds a negative correlation between the crestal bone loss and stability values in terms of ISQ at a statistically significant value. Clinical Relevance to Interdisciplinary Dentistry Dental implants represent one of the most successful treatment modalities in modern dentistry. A multidisciplinary approach comprising surgical, prosthetic, and periodontal treatment was done to achieve a satisfactory result. Achievement and maintenance of implant stability is the most critical factor for successful clinical outcome.