Implant intraoculaire et chirurgie de la cataracte : comparaison de l’adhésion bactérienne et du risque d’endophtalmie selon le biomatériau

Abstract

Cataract surgery is a usually successful procedure that restores vision by replacing the natural lens with an intraocular lens (IOL). Acute postoperative endophthalmitis is still one of the most serious complications of cataract surgery. Its incidence has been reported to be between 0.04% and 0.32%. Precisely why bacteria induce endophthalmitis is not entirely understood. Indeed the risk of its development may be influenced by several factors. Among them, bacterial adhesion to the IOL has been recently emphasized in the ophthalmology literature. Indeed, the ability of an organism to adhere to the IOL surface is believed to be associated with a risk of infection at the implantation site. Several studies have demonstrated that bacterial adhesion is influenced by IOL materials. Ever since, numerous studies have investigated the interactions between bacteria and different types of IOLs to determine which biomaterial would be most permissive to bacterial adherence. This article reviews all the epidemiological and experimental data relating to the study of the relationship between bacterial adhesion, IOL material, and risk of developing postoperative endophthalmitis. Even if discrepancies between these studies exist, mainly stemming from the use of different experimental conditions and protocols, it seems that bacterial adhesion is strongly influenced by IOL material. Epidemiological studies suggest that the implantation of silicone IOLs might be associated with increased rates of endophthalmitis. Experimental studies reach similar conclusions showing that hydrophobic IOLs such as silicone or acrylic hydrophobic IOLs are more permissive to bacterial adhesion and growth than hydrophilic IOLs such as acrylic hydrophilic IOLs. Among the interactions that govern bacterial attachment to the IOLs, it seems that hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions have the greatest influence. Nevertheless, since bacterial adhesion is a complicated process affected by many factors, the conclusions drawn by these results have to be interpreted with care. Further investigations are still needed to understand the connections between IOL material and endophthalmitis.