Impedimetric glucose biosensing based on drop-cast of porous graphene, nafion, ferrocene, and glucose oxidase biocomposite optimized by central composite design

Abstract

A novel Impedimetric glucose biosensor was fabricated based on a biocomposite of porous graphene, Nafion, Ferrocene, and glucose oxidase drop-casted on a glassy carbon electrode. The biocomposite components ratios optimization was studied by the central composite design method. Biosensor structural characterizations and fabrication process was performed by various spectroscopy, microscopy, and electrochemical techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scattered energy X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The fabricated impedimetric glucose biosensor, with a wide linear range (1–15 mM), high sensitivity (10.6 kΩ mM−1), and a low detection limit (0.021 mM), was applied successfully for the analysis of real human blood serum samples. The biosensor fabrication was very simple and straightforward.