Abstract
A review of conditions under which impedance is a useful concept in solving the problem of wave propagation in a duct with flow is presented with illustrative examples. Organized procedures for modeling single and multiple degree of freedom configurations both of the lumped and distributed parameter type are discussed, and data and model predictions are compared for some specific configurations. Assumptions usually made in the modeling process are pointed out, and the effect of the assumptions, particularly on the comparisons with data, are evaluated. Improved impedance models, developed more recently, are reviewed and compared with previous models and with impedance tube data. Included in the discussion are models for bulk absorber materials compatible with aircraft‐engine environments.
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