Impairments of the arm and hand are highly correlated during subacute stroke.

Abstract

The classical description of poststroke upper limb impairment follows a proximalto-distal impairment gradient. Previous studies are equivocal on whether the hand is more impaired than the arm. To compare impairment of the arm and hand during subacute stroke. A total of 73 individuals were evaluated for impairment of the upper limb within 30 days (early subacute) and within 90-150 days (late subacute) of stroke. Impairments were quantified using the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment (CMSA) for the arm and hand, Purdue Pegboard task, and a robotic Visually Guided Reaching task. In the early phase 42% of participants in the early phase and 59% in the late phase received the same CMSA score for the arm and hand, with 88% and 95% of participants in the early and late phases, respectively, receiving a 1-point difference. Strong correlations exist between the CMSA arm and hand scores (early r = 0.79, late r = 0.75), and moderate - strong correlations exist between CMSA arm and hand scores and Purdue Pegboard and Visually Guided Reaching performances (r = 0.66-0.81). No systematic differences were found between the arm and hand. Impairments in the arm and hand during subacute stroke are highly correlated and do not support the presence of a proximal-to-distal gradient.