Impaired Survival of Autologous Fat Grafts by Diabetes Mellitus in an Animal Model: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Many surgeons are reluctant to perform fat grafting in patients with diabetes because soft-tissue healing is impaired, but no previous study has reported data-driven outcomes of fat grafting in subjects with diabetes. The authors investigate whether diabetes affected survival and complication rates of autologous fat grafting (AFG) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. In total, 16 male SD and 16 male OLETF rats were prepared for AFG. Fat tissue was harvested from the inguinal fat pad and cut into 1-g (800-1250 mg) sections. Each rat received fat in a subcutaneous pocket in the paraspinal area. The grafted fat tissue was measured by ultrasonography at 30, 60, and 90 days after implantation and evaluated by histological analyses. Ultrasonographic analysis indicated that compared with the SD group, the AFG survival rate was lower in OLETF rats (40.52% vs 53.38%), and the failure rate was higher in OLETF rats (31.25% vs 6.25%). The histological analysis indicated that compared with the OLETF group, adipocytes were more dense (3.18 vs 2.33; P = .025), cyst formation occurred less frequently (3.00 vs 3.61; P = .030), and more capillaries were formed (2.31/field vs 1.61/field; P = .001) in the SD rat group. Diabetes causes marked deterioration in the survival and quality of AFG in the diabetic rat model.