Abstract
BackgroundChronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the worldwide Public Health problem, is also one of the rising non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries. Its early detection and treatment using readily available, inexpensive therapies can slow or prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Hence, this study was aimed at assessing impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), high grade albuminuria, and associated factors among adult patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center in South west Ethiopia.MethodsHospital based cross sectional study was conducted from November 1, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Consecutive sampling method was used to select study participants. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to generate factors associated with impaired estimated GFR and albuminuria. A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe study involved 422 patients admitted to Jimma University Medical Center who had at least one test result for urinalysis and serum creatinine level during the study period. Fifty two (12.3%) of the study subjects had high grade albuminuria, 19.2, 19.4, and 32.7% had impaired estimated glomerular filtration rate according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD-4), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology (CKD-EPI), and Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equations respectively. Old age (AOR = 2.4;95%CI:1.4–4.01), male sex (AOR = 2.1;95%CI:1.16–3.7), and hypertension (AOR = 2.23; 95%CI:1.24–4.01) were independently associated with impaired eGFR using one of the two equations while diabetes mellitus (AOR = 2.8; 95%CI:1.33–5.82) and BP measurement above optimal (AOR = 4.7; 95%CI:1.9–11.53) were associated with high grade albuminuria.ConclusionsHigh grade albuminuria and impaired eGFR were found in significant proportion of adults admitted to the hospital for various medical conditions. Old age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and male gender were independently associated with these alterations. These findings necessitate routine urinalysis and estimation of GFR for all hospitalized adults with known CKD risk factors.
Highlights
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the worldwide Public Health problem, is one of the rising noncommunicable diseases in low and middle-income countries
As the clearance of endogenous toxins is affected by various factors, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate calculated based on serum creatinine level adjusted for patient’s age, gender and race is often used as surrogate measures of Glomerular Filtration Rate [9]
Majority (89.8%) of the study participants were medical patients. Of this 71.3% had non-communicable disease (NCD) as one of their major diagnosis including 12.8% patients who were diagnosed with Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and/or CKD during their hospital stay
Summary
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the worldwide Public Health problem, is one of the rising noncommunicable diseases in low and middle-income countries. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a worldwide Public Health problem, is a gradual loss in kidney function. It is characterized by reduction in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), increased albumin excretion, or both [1]. It is associated with adverse outcome of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and premature death [2,3,4,5,6]. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of how well kidneys are cleaning blood-taking out extra water and waste. It estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute [8]. As the clearance of endogenous toxins is affected by various factors, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) calculated based on serum creatinine level adjusted for patient’s age, gender and race is often used as surrogate measures of Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) [9]
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