Impaired fasting glucose as an independent risk factor for hypertension among healthy middle-aged Japanese subjects with optimal blood pressure: the Yuport Medical Checkup Centre retrospective cohort study

Masaaki Morio,Kimihiko Akimoto,Kazuo Inoue,Machiko Inoue

doi:10.1186/1758-5996-5-81

Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed at investigating whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is an independent risk factor for incident hypertension among middle-aged Japanese subjects with optimal blood pressure (OBP).FindingsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2943 non-diabetic and non-hypertensive subjects aged 40–64 years, who participated in a voluntary health check-up program during the baseline (1998–2002) and follow-up periods (2002–2006). A multiple logistic regression model was utilized to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of incident hypertension among men and women with IFG and OBP. OBP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) <120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <80 mmHg, with no known history of hypertension. In this study, hypertension was defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and DBP ≥90 mmHg or by a self-reported clinical diagnosis of hypertension. After the mean follow-up period of 5.6 years, the incidence of hypertension in men and women was 5.7% (73/1270) and 3.8% (62/1673), respectively. The age-adjusted ORs for incident hypertension in men and women with IFG were 1.95 (95% CI, 1.21–3.15) and 3.54 (95% CI, 2.00–6.27), respectively. After adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and uric acid, the ORs for hypertension were 1.66 (95% CI; 1.02–2.70) for men and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.45–4.73) for women.ConclusionThe study results show that IFG may act as an independent risk factor for developing hypertension in individuals with OBP.

Highlights

This study aimed at investigating whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is an independent risk factor for incident hypertension among middle-aged Japanese subjects with optimal blood pressure (OBP)
The study results show that IFG may act as an independent risk factor for developing hypertension in individuals with OBP
Simone et al reported that abdominal obesity was a major predictor of the development of hypertension even at optimal blood pressure (OBP) [8], which suggests that atherogenic risk factors could play a major role in atherosclerosis even when blood pressure is low or at optimal levels

Summary

Introduction

This study aimed at investigating whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is an independent risk factor for incident hypertension among middle-aged Japanese subjects with optimal blood pressure (OBP). In 1997, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) introduced the term ‘impaired fasting glucose’ (IFG), Central obesity is a well-known risk factor for both diabetes and hypertension [3,11], and is thought to be a common pathway whereby obesity affects both diseases [1,2]. The association of IFG and hypertension in those with OBP has not been investigated thoroughly. The ADA lowered the FPG concentration range for diagnosis of IFG from 110–125 mg/dL to 100–125 mg/dL in 2003 [9], there have been no studies conducted to determine whether this new criterion for IFG is predictive of the development of hypertension

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion