Abstract
Knowing about the genes involved in immunity, and being able to identify the factors influencing their expressions, helps in gaining awareness of the immune processes. The qPCR method is a useful gene expression analysis tool, but studies on immune system genes are still limited, especially on the caprine immune system. Caprine arthritis encephalitis, a disease caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), causes economic losses in goat breeding, and there is no therapy against SRLV. The results of studies on vaccines against other viruses are promising. Moreover, the Marker-Assisted Selection strategy against SRLV is possible, as has been shown in sheep breeding. However, there are still many gaps in our knowledge on the caprine immune response to infection. All types of cytokines play pivotal roles in immunity, and SRLV infection influences the expression of many cytokines in different types of cells. This information encouraged the authors to examine the results of studies conducted on SRLV and other viral infections, with an emphasis on the expression of cytokine genes. This review attempts to summarize the results of studies on the expression of cytokines in the context of the SRLV infection.
Highlights
Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes chronic diseases in goats, sheep and other small ruminants, including wild animals [1]
Studies on preventing and eradicating small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) are becoming increasingly urgent, especially since the discussion, still controversial, on the possibility that genomic evolution of these viruses, similar to that which occurred in HIV, has already begun
Because food safety is a priority in developed societies, a knowledge of the immunological processes associated with SRLV infection is of special importance
Summary
Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes chronic diseases in goats (caprine arthritis encephalitis, CAE), sheep (maedi-visna disease, MV) and other small ruminants, including wild animals [1]. Viruses 2016, 8, 186 human papilloma virus), and hepatitis type C (hepatitis C virus infection), these questions are essential They are important in the case of animals because of the huge costs caused by viral diseases. SRLVs cause chronic disease processes in goats, sheep and other small ruminants, including wild animals [1]. SRLV infection influences the expression of many cytokines in different types of cells belonging to the immune system of the host. The cytokine genes are considered potential adjuvants in experiments on DNA vaccines against SRLV [2] All this information encouraged the authors to examine the results of studies conducted on SRLV and other viral infections, with a special emphasis on the expression levels of cytokine genes. This review attempts to summarize the results of studies on gene expression, especially cytokines, in the context of the small ruminant lentivirus infection
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