Abstract
Taurine that conjugates with bile acid (BA) and mitochondrial-tRNA (mt-tRNA) is a conditional essential amino acid in humans, similarly to cats. To better understand the influence of acquired depletion of taurine on BA metabolism, the profiling of BAs and its intermediates, BA metabolism-enzyme expression, and taurine modified mt-tRNAs were evaluated in the taurine deficient diet-supplemented cats. In the taurine depleted cats, taurine-conjugated bile acids in bile and taurine-modified mt-tRNA in liver were significantly decreased, whereas unconjugated BA in serum was markedly increased. Impaired bile acid metabolism in the liver was induced accompanied with the decreases of mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial activity. Consequently, total bile acid concentration in bile was significantly decreased by the low activity of mitochondrial bile acid synthesis. These results implied that the insufficient dietary taurine intake causes impaired bile acid metabolism, and in turn, a risk for the various diseases similar to the mitochondrial diseases would be enhanced.
Highlights
Www.nature.com/scientificreports have been used for an established experimental model[21] as the dietary induced-acquired taurine depletion with developments of certain diseases including blindness[22] and expanded cardiomyopathy[23]
The profiling of bile acid (BA) and oxysterols, the expression of enzymes involved in BA synthesis, and the levels of taurine-modified mt-tRNA were evaluated in the bile, serum, and liver of taurine-depleted cats
The total bile acid (TBA) level and the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were significantly decreased in the bile of the taurine-depleted cats (Fig. 6)
Summary
Www.nature.com/scientificreports have been used for an established experimental model[21] as the dietary induced-acquired taurine depletion with developments of certain diseases including blindness[22] and expanded cardiomyopathy[23]. In the chronic taurine-deficient diet fed cats, the unconjugated BAs in the bile was increased with decreased taurine conjugated BAs, but conversion to glycine conjugated form did not occur[7,31], and the biliary total bile acid (TBA) concentration was significantly decreased to 44%7. Both the concentrations of taurine conjugated BAs and total BA were markedly decreased in the taurine depleted cats[7,31]. We examined the influence of acquired taurine depletion induced by insufficient ingestion on BA metabolism in the liver in cats, which have no ability to biosynthesize taurine
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