Impacts of Tropical Deforestation and Increased Heat Exposure on Health and Productivity in Rural Areas: The Case of Forest Dwelling Communities in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

There is growing evidence that temperature increases associated with tropical deforestation are having negative impacts on human health and productivity. These changes are projected to disproportionately affect poor, rural populations. We report selected findings from a larger study that aims to characterize heat exposure in primary forest and cleared areas, describe how rural communities are adapting to deforestation, and investigate the impacts of increased heat exposure on human health and productivity. A total of 361 participants from ten villages in East Kalimantan, Indonesia were in the study. Continuous measurements in forested and cleared areas were collected in each village using 3M™ heat stress monitors. Households completed surveys that included demographics, health status and medical conditions, and time-use modules. Mean maximum temperatures were 33°C and 37°C in forest and open areas, respectively, and mean forest temperatures were 2.6°C cooler than open areas. We find 74% of participants work only in open areas, while 26% work in forests and open areas. Self-reported heat-related illness symptoms in the past week were 4.1% higher among those working only in open areas. Participants reported modifying work schedules to adapt to heat, with nearly 75% of participants working less than in previous years and 37% unable to work the hours they would like in a day. Participants working only in open areas took longer midday breaks and worked longer afternoon shifts. Questions on future adaptation to hotter temperatures indicate more than a third of participants will work less or shift work schedules to avoid the hottest periods of the day. Our findings indicate that heat exposure is higher in deforested areas and adaptation strategies to avoid heat will impact work and productivity in this population.