Abstract
Transportation corridors are crucial links for socioeconomic development and connectivity, playing a significant role in restructuring regional spatial structures. Fully understanding the impact of transportation corridors on the ecosystem vulnerability and their potential driving mechanisms is essential for the sustainable management of the region. However, few studies have considered the latest definition of IPCC to examine the ecosystem vulnerability in transportation corridors from the perspective of changes in ecosystem properties themselves. This study focuses on the Sino-Nepalese Transport Corridor and innovatively develops a comprehensive framework for assessing ecosystem vulnerability, evaluating the dynamic changes in ecosystem vulnerability from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the ecosystem vulnerability of the Sino-Nepalese Transport Corridor decreases as the distance from the road grows, with minor vulnerability levels dominating in all years. Between 2000 and 2022, the ecosystem vulnerability in 24.42% of the Sino-Nepalese Transport Corridor area intensified, showing an eastern aggravation and western improvement pattern. Specifically, the Lhasa-Lhaze section experienced the highest aggravation of ecosystem vulnerability, with an aggravated area of approximately 2850.50 km2, accounting for approximately 79.37% of the total area of ecosystem vulnerability change. Overall, grazing intensity, temperature, and precipitation determine the spatial pattern of ecosystem vulnerability at the regional scale. Road impacts are mainly indirect, and the expansion of construction land and cropland along roads are the reasons for the significant aggravation in ecosystem vulnerability. This study not only provides a scientific foundation for the ecological protection and restoration of the plateau transportation corridors but also offers a general and feasible method for the study of ecosystem vulnerability across different regions.
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