Abstract
To decipher the effects of replacing alkali with zinc on thermo-mechanical properties, a series of borosilicate glasses with the molar compositions of 70.65SiO2·21.09B2O3·1.88Al2O3·1Li2O·(5.38-x)R2O·xZnO (x = 0, 0.34, 0.67, 1, 1.34, 2.69, 4.04, and 5.38) were prepared. Upon adding a slight quantity of ZnO, a local extreme point for glass transition temperature (Tg) appears. This behavior is deciphered to be originated from two opposite factors. On one hand, Tg reduces as a characteristic of the colligative properties for a dilute solution; in addition, Tg rises due to the higher field strength, bond energy and covalent characteristic of zinc cations compared to that of alkali ions. Otherwise, based on the evolution of intermediate-range clusters revealed by infrared, Raman and NMR spectra, we elucidate the atomic-scale structural origin, which leads to the nonlinear evolution of elastic moduli and coefficient of thermal expansion with the molar ratio of [ZnO]/([R2O]+[ZnO]).
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