Abstract
Soil microbial community were usually reconsidered as a sensitive indicator in soil quality and soil environment change of paddy field. However, the effects of different tillage and crop residue incorporation managements on soil bacterial community under the double-cropping rice cropping system were still need to further investigated. Therefore, the impacts of different tillage and crop residue incorporation managements on soil bacterial community under the double-cropping rice cropping system in southern of China were studied by using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profile method in the present paper. The experiment included four different tillage treatments: rotary tillage without crop residue input as a control (RTO), no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), and conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT). Compared with RTO treatment, grain yield of rice with NT, RT and CT treatments increased by 1.21%, 3.13% and 6.40%, respectively. This results showed that soil aC15:0, C16:0, iC17:0, C19:0c9, 10 fatty acids with CT and RT treatments were higher than that of RTO treatment, while soil C16:1ω6c and C18:1ω9t fatty acids with NT treatment were higher than that of RTO treatment, respectively. Soil G+ and G− bacteria PLFAs contents with CT treatment were higher than that of NT, RT and RTO treatments, while the value of soil G+/G− bacteria PLFAs with NT treatment were higher than that of CT, RT and RTO treatments. This results indicated that Richness and McIntosh indices with CT treatment were significantly higher than that of RTO treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2) were explained 93.2% of total variance with all tillage treatments. Except C12:0, C14:0 2OH and C18:2ω6, all unsaturated and cyclopropyl PLFAs contents were belong to PC1. PC1 and PC2 were explained 88.4% of total variance with all tillage treatments. There had significantly positive correlation between soil Richness, Shannon indices and soil PLFAs, G+ bacteria, G− bacteria, fungi contents. As a result, it were benefit practices for increasing soil bacterial community structure in the double-cropping rice field of southern China by combined application of rotary, conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation managements.
Highlights
Soil microbial community were usually reconsidered as a sensitive indicator in soil quality and soil environment change of paddy field
Effects of tillage managements on soil microbial community structure. These results found that soil physicochemical characteristics were varied through change in soil microbial diversity and community under different agricultural managements c onditions[10,26]. This results showed that soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents were significantly increased by taken tillage and crop residue incorporation managements, the main reason were attributed to that soil labile organic carbon pool and soil microorganism activity were increased by taken tillage and crop residue incorporation managements, suggested that combined applied with tillage and crop residue incorporation managements had beneficial effects on soil microorganism activity by provided available soil carbon substrate source and suitable soil ecological environment, which were agree with the previous results[27]
Previous studies demonstrated that value of soil fungi/ G+ bacteria + G− bacteria were generally reconsidered as early indicators in change of soil microorganisms community and soil ecological e nvironment[6,9]. These results indicated that soil fungi phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) content and value of fungi/G+ bacteria + G− bacteria with CT treatment were higher than that of NT, RT and residue input as a control (RTO) treatments, which were similar with previous results of Wang et al (2017)[11], who proved that soil fungi PLFAs content with conservation tillage practice increased by 61–227% compared to no-tillage practice, which suggested that applied with conventional tillage and crop residue incorporation management were provide larger number of soil available substrate and suitable soil ecological environment for soil microbial growth in the double-cropping rice field, that soil fungal growth were stimulated by taken crop residue with high C/N ratio and the value of soil fungi/G+ bacteria + G− bacteria were increased[11]
Summary
Soil microbial community were usually reconsidered as a sensitive indicator in soil quality and soil environment change of paddy field. There had significantly positive correlation between soil Richness, Shannon indices and soil PLFAs, G+ bacteria, G− bacteria, fungi contents As a result, it were benefit practices for increasing soil bacterial community structure in the double-cropping rice field of southern China by combined application of rotary, conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation managements. The practice of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw as organic fertilizer returning to paddy field were accepted by farmer in this region, rotary tillage and no-tillage with crop residue retention management were accepted by farmer in this region, for that these practices were benefit for increasing soil quality, soil fertility and yield of r ice[15] It is still not known how about the impacts of different tillage and crop residue incorporation practice on soil microbial community and diversity in the double-cropping rice system of southern China. We hypothesized that soil bacterial community composition and diversity in the double-cropping rice field were modified by combined application of tillage with crop incorporation practice
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