Impacts of previous crops on inoculum of Fusarium culmorum in soil, and development of foot and root rot of durum wheat in Tunisia

Eya Khemir,Samia Gargouri,Mohamed Bechir Allagui,Mohamed Salah Gharbi,Antonio Moretti,Samira Chekali

doi:10.36253/phyto-10827

Abstract

Fusarium foot and root rot (FFRR) of cereals, caused by Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., is one of the most important soil- and residue-borne diseases in Tunisia. Management of the disease relies primarily on cultural practices such as crop rotation. Impacts of previous crops on the population of F. culmorum in the soil, and the incidence and severity of FFRR in durum wheat, were evaluated under Tunisian farming systems. A field trial showed that break crops of faba bean and fenugreek reduced the amount of F. culmorum DNA in soil, by 58% (faba bean) and 65% (fenugreek), and decreased numbers of F. culmorum propagules per g of soil by 83% (faba bean) and 85% (fenugreek). Farm demonstration trials also showed that faba bean and vetch used as previous crops reduced F. culmorum inoculum in the soil. Non-cereal crops also reduced the incidence of F. culmorum present in durum wheat roots and stem bases. The greatest grain yields and thousand kernel weights were recorded when faba bean and vetch were used as previous crops, but were less where durum wheat was previously grown. There were strong correlations between inoculum level of F. culmorum in the soil and incidence of FFRR in the following year. Results obtained in the field trial were supported by those collected from three demonstration farm trials during two cropping seasons. This study demonstrated for the first time in Tunisia and the Mediterranean region that break crops are effective for reducing F. culmorum inoculum in the soil and decreasing the pathogen in wheat roots and stem bases. Inoculum levels in soil can predict the expression of the disease in the following year in Tunisian farming conditions. These results are likely to be useful for developing and implementing guidelines for the management of FFRR of durum wheat.

Highlights

In Tunisia, cereals and their by-products are the main sources of dietary calories, and are the common base of all diets and the historical base of theEya Khemir et aliiMediterranean diet
To understand the effect of previous crops on populations of F. culmorum in the soil and incidence of Fusarium foot and root rot (FFRR) in durum wheat, a field trial and three demonstration trials were established during the cropping seasons 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15, in Northwest Tunisia
The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates

Summary

Introduction

In Tunisia, cereals and their by-products are the main sources of dietary calories, and are the common base of all diets and the historical base of theEya Khemir et aliiMediterranean diet. In Tunisia, cereals and their by-products are the main sources of dietary calories, and are the common base of all diets and the historical base of the. 1 million hectares of the agricultural land, with the number of the farmers involved estimated to be approx. About 63% of farmers are smallholders, each with land areas of less than 10 ha (Bachta, 2011; Anonymous 2, 2018). Fusarium foot and root rot (FFRR) has been recognized as one of the most important diseases of cereals in Tunisia since the 1970s (Ghodbane et al, 1974), and this disease is responsible for significant economic losses, especially in arid and semi-arid regions (Van Wyk et al, 1987; Bateman, 1993; Hollaway et al, 2013). Yield losses of up to 26% in durum wheat and 18% in barley have been recorded (Chekali et al, 2013)

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